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1.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 39(4): 423-430, Oct. - Dec. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-878455

ABSTRACT

The seaweeds are bio-resource rich in sulfated and neutral polysaccharides. The tropical seaweed species used in this study (Solieria filiformis), after dried, shows 65.8% (w/w) carbohydrate, 9.6% (w/w) protein, 1.7% (w/w) lipid, 7.0% (w/w) moisture and 15.9% (w/w) ash. The dried seaweed was easily hydrolyzed under mild conditions (0.5 M sulfuric acid, 20 min.), generating fermentable monosaccharides with a maximum hydrolysis efficiency of 63.21%. Galactose and glucose present in the hydrolyzed were simultaneously fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae when the yeast was acclimated to galactose and cultivated in broth containing only galactose. The kinetic parameters of the fermentation of the seaweed hydrolyzed were Y(P/S) = 0.48 ± 0.02 g.g−1, PP = 0.27 ± 0.04 g.L−1.h−1, η = 94.1%, representing a 41% increase in bioethanol productivity. Therefore, S. filiformis was a promising renewable resource of polysaccharides easily hydrolyzed, generating a broth rich in fermentable monosaccharides for ethanol production.


As algas marinhas são recursos naturais ricos em polissacarídeos sulfatados e neutros. A espécie de macroalga tropical utilizada neste estudo (Solieria filiformis) apresentou teores de carboidratos de 65,8% (m/m), proteínas de 9,6% (m/m), lipídios de 1,7% (m/m), umidade de 7,0% (m/m) e 15,9 % (m/m) de cinzas. A macroalga seca foi facilmente hidrolisada em condições brandas, na presença de ácido sulfúrico 0,5 M, por 20 min, produzindo monossacarídeos fermentáveis com uma eficiência de hidrólise máxima de 63,21%. A galactose e a glicose presentes no hidrolisado foram fermentadas simultaneamente por Saccharomyces cerevisiae, após aclimatação da levedura cultivada em meio contendo apenas galactose como fonte de carbono. Os parâmetros cinéticos da fermentação do hidrolisado algáceo pela levedura aclimatada a galactose foram Y(P/S) = 0,48 ± 0,02 g.g-1, PP = 0,27 ± 0,04 g.L- 1.h-1, η = 94,1%. Portanto, a macroalga S. filiformis se mostrou um recurso renovável promissor como fonte de polissacarídeos facilmente hidrolisados, gerando um meio nutritivo rico em glucose e galactose para a produção de etanol.


Subject(s)
Carrageenan , Cellulose , Fermentation , Galactose , Seaweed , Sulfuric Acids
2.
Ciênc. rural ; 41(1): 10-16, 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-571447

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o crescimento inicial de plântulas de sorgo, provenientes de sementes submetidas e não ao envelhecimento e ao osmocondicionamento, sob condições de estresse salino. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, no esquema fatorial 2x2x3, constando de 12 tratamentos: dois lotes de sementes (envelhecidas e não); dois tipos de sementes (osmocondicionadas e não) e três níveis de salinidade (0, 100 e 200mM de NaCl). O osmocondicionamento com polietilenoglicol 6000 ou priming de sementes não envelhecidas promoveu um aumento de 25 por cento na sobrevivência das plântulas sob condições de alta salinidade (200mM de NaCl), mas, quando essa técnica foi aplicada em sementes envelhecidas, ocorreram incrementos de 31,3 e 50 por cento na taxa de mortalidade de plântulas cultivadas na presença de NaCl a 100 e 200mM. Quanto à manutenção do crescimento das plântulas, o osmocondicionamento proporcionou atenuação dos efeitos negativos da salinidade (NaCl a 100mM) naquelas oriundas de sementes envelhecidas, sendo tal fato confirmado por meio da manutenção da produção de biomassa vegetal.


The aim of this research was the evaluate seedlings growth from primed and aged seeds of sorghum under ideal conditions and salt stress. The experiment was a completely randomized design with four replications, following a factorial arrangement of 2x2x3, with eight treatments: two groups of seeds (aged or not), two types of seeds (primed or not) and three growth conditions (0, 100 e 200mM of NaCl). The osmoconditioning of no aged seeds promoted an increase of 25 percent in the seedling survival under conditions of high salinity (NaCl at 200mM), but when this technique was applied in aged seeds caused 18.8 percent and 31.3 percent of increase in the mortality of the seedlings grown in the presence of NaCl at 100 and 200mM, respectively. Regarding to the maintenance of seedling growth, the osmoconditioning provided mitigating the negative effects of salinity (NaCl at 100mM) for seedlings from aged seeds, and this fact is confirmed by the maintenance of plant biomass yield.

3.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 41(1): 1-9, mar. 1998. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-247560

ABSTRACT

A protein with a molecular mass of 22 kDa was purified from the cellulosic parenchyma of cassava roots. The amino acid composition of the protein was determined and antibodies generated against the purified protein were used to show that the concentration of the protein remains unchanged during root "tuber" formation. By using a tissue printing technique, as well as weatern blot, it was shown that the cellulosic parenchyma was the only root tissue in which the protein was deposited


Subject(s)
Amino Acids , Biotechnology , Manihot , Plant Proteins, Dietary
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